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<title>LED display</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LED display</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about light-emitting diode (LED) based displays. For LED-backlit displays, see <a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit LCD</a>. For matrixed text displays, see <a href="Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">Dot-matrix display</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For segment displays, see <a href="Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">Seven-segment display</a>, <a href="Nine-segment_display" title="Nine-segment display">Nine-segment display</a>, <a href="Fourteen-segment_display" title="Fourteen-segment display">Fourteen-segment display</a>, and <a href="Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">Sixteen-segment display</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>LED display</b> is a <a href="Flat_panel_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat panel display">flat panel display</a> that uses an array of <a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">light-emitting diodes</a> (LEDs) as <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a> for a <a href="Video_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Video display">video display</a>. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for <a href="Retailing" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailing">store</a> <a href="Signage" title="Signage">signs</a> and <a href="Billboard_(advertising)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard (advertising)">billboards</a>. In recent years, they have also become commonly used in <a href="Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">destination signs</a> on <a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> vehicles, as well as <a href="Variable-message_sign" title="Variable-message sign">variable-message signs</a> on highways. LED displays are capable of providing general <a href="Lighting" title="Lighting">illumination</a> in addition to visual display, as when used for <a href="Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">stage lighting</a> or other decorative (as opposed to informational) purposes. LED displays can offer higher contrast ratios than a projector and are thus an alternative to traditional projection screens, and they can be used for large, uninterrupted (without a visible grid arising from the bezels of individual displays) <a href="Video_wall" title="Video wall">video walls</a>. <a href="MicroLED" title="MicroLED">microLED</a> displays are LED displays with smaller LEDs, which poses significant development challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Their use in cinemas to replace projectors and projection screens has been explored.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p><a href="Light-emitting_diodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-emitting diodes">Light-emitting diodes</a> (LEDs) came into existence in 1962 and were primarily red in color for the first decade. The first practical LED was invented by <a href="Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a> in 1962 while he was at <a href="General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LEMELSON-MIT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LEMELSON-MIT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The first practical LED display was developed at <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> (HP) and introduced in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its development was led by Howard C. Borden and Gerald P. Pighini at HP Associates and <a href="HP_Labs" title="HP Labs">HP Labs</a>, who had engaged in <a href="Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> (R&D) on practical LEDs between 1962 and 1968. In February 1969, they introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator.<sup id="cite_ref-Borden_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borden-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first LED device to use <a href="Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (integrated <a href="LED_circuit" title="LED circuit">LED circuit</a>) technology,<sup id="cite_ref-Borden_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borden-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first intelligent LED display, making it a revolution in <a href="Digital_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital display">digital display</a> technology, replacing the <a href="Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a> and becoming the basis for later LED displays.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Early models were monochromatic by design. The efficient <a href="Blue_LED" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue LED">Blue LED</a> completing the color triad did not commercially arrive until the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the late 1980s, Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide LEDs arrived. They provided an efficient source of red and amber and were used in information displays. However, it was still impossible to achieve full colour. The available "green" was hardly green at all – mostly yellow, and an early blue had excessively high power consumption. It was only when <a href="Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>, then at Nichia Chemical, announced the development of the blue (and later green) LED based on Indium Gallium Nitride, that possibilities opened for big LED video displays.

</p><p>The entire idea of what could be done with LED was given an early shake up by Mark Fisher's design for <a href="U2" title="U2">U2</a>'s <a href="PopMart_Tour" title="PopMart Tour">PopMart</a> Tour of 1997. He realized that with long viewing distances, wide pixel spacing could be used to achieve very large images, especially if viewed at night. The system had to be suitable for touring so an open mesh arrangement that could be rolled up for transport was used. The whole display was 52m (170ft) wide and 17m (56ft) high. It had a total of 150,000 pixels. The company that supplied the LED pixels and their driving system, SACO Technologies of Montreal, had never engineered a video system before, previously building mimic panels for power station control rooms.

</p><p>Today, large displays use high-brightness diodes to generate a wide spectrum of colors. It took three decades and <a href="Organic_light-emitting_diodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic light-emitting diodes">organic light-emitting diodes</a> for Sony to introduce an OLED TV, the <a href="Sony_XEL-1" title="Sony XEL-1">Sony XEL-1</a> OLED screen which was marketed in 2009. Later, at <a href="CES_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="CES 2012">CES 2012</a>, Sony presented <a href="Crystal_LED" title="Crystal LED">Crystal LED</a>, a TV with a true LED-display, in which LEDs are used to produce actual images rather than acting as backlighting for other types of display, as in <a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit LCDs</a> which are commonly marketed as LED TVs.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Large_video-capable_screens">Large video-capable screens</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="2011_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 UEFA Champions League Final">2011 UEFA Champions League Final</a> match between <a href="Manchester_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester United">Manchester United</a> and <a href="Barcelona_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona F.C.">Barcelona</a> was broadcast live in <a href="3D_television" title="3D television">3D</a> format in <a href="Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> (Sweden), on an <a href="EKTA" title="EKTA">EKTA</a> screen. It had a <a href="Refresh_rate" title="Refresh rate">refresh rate</a> of 100 Hz, a <a href="Screen_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen size">diagonal</a> of 7.11 m (23 ft 3.92 in) and a <a href="Screen_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen size">display area</a> of 6.192×3.483 m, and was listed in the <a href="Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a> as the largest LED 3D TV.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_prototypes">Early prototypes</h3></div>

<p>A claim for the 'first all-LED flat panel television screen' is presented in this section. It was possibly developed, demonstrated and documented by James P. Mitchell in 1977. Initial public recognition came from the Westinghouse Educational Foundation Science Talent Search group, a Science Service organization.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper entry was named in the "Honors Group" publicized to universities on January 25, 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper was subsequently invited and presented at the Iowa Academy of Science at the University of Northern Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operational prototype was displayed at the Eastern Iowa SEF<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on March 18 and obtained a top "Physical Sciences" award and IEEE recognition. The project was again displayed at the 29th International SEF at Anaheim Ca. Convention Center on May 8–10.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ¼-inch thin miniature flat panel modular prototype, scientific paper, and full screen (tiled LED matrix) schematic with video interface was displayed at this event.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received awards by <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="General_Motors_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Corporation">General Motors Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This project marked some of the earliest progress towards the replacement of the 70+-year-old high-voltage analog CRT system (<a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> technology) with a digital x-y scanned LED matrix driven with an NTSC television RF video format. Mitchell's paper and operational prototype projected the future replacement of CRTs and included foreseen applications to battery operated devices due to the advantages of low power consumption. Displacement of the electromagnetic scan systems included the removal of inductive deflection, electron beam and color convergence circuits and has been a significant achievement. The unique properties of the light-emitting diode as an emissive device simplify matrix scanning complexity and have helped the modern television adapt to digital communications and shrink into its current thin form factor.

</p><p>The 1977 model was monochromatic by design.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h3></div>

<p><a href="MicroLED" title="MicroLED">MicroLED</a> displays are currently under development by numerous major corporations such as Sony, Apple, Samsung, and LG.

</p><p>These displays are easily scalable, and offer a more streamlined production process. However, production costs remains a limiting factor.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">AMOLED</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2021" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Daniel (2021-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dynamo-led-displays.co.uk/led-displays-guide/">"An Introductory Guide to LED Display Technology and its Uses & Benefits"</a>. <i>Dynamo LED Displays</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219095715/https://dynamo-led-displays.co.uk/led-displays-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficepro.com/lg-odeon-multicines-open-worlds-first-100-percent-led-cinema-dolby-atmos-madrid/">"LG and Odeon Multicines Open World's First 100% LED Cinema with Dolby Atmos in Madrid - Boxoffice"</a>. <i>www.boxofficepro.com</i>. 2023-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGiardina2023" class="citation web cs1">Giardina, Carolyn (2023-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/led-screens-samsung-sony-lg-1235374322/">"LED Screens for Theaters: Is the Buzzy Tech Worth the Cost?"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avinteractive.com/news/displays/word-first-acoustic-transparent-led-cinema-screen-debuts-03-07-2024/">"'Word-first' acoustic transparent LED cinema screen debuts"</a>. <i>AV Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-LEMELSON-MIT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LEMELSON-MIT_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009111042/http://web.mit.edu/invent/n-pressreleases/n-press-04LMP.html">"Inventor of Long-Lasting, Low-Heat Light Source Awarded $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize for Invention"</a>. Washington, D.C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. April 21, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/n-pressreleases/n-press-04LMP.html">the original</a> on October 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Kramer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2003" class="citation book cs1">Kramer, Bernhard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oREQToB2q2UC&pg=PA40"><i>Advances in Solid State Physics</i></a>. <a href="Springer_Science_%26_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science & Business Media">Springer Science & Business Media</a>. p. 40. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9783540401506</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Borden-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borden_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borden_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBordenPighini1969" class="citation journal cs1">Borden, Howard C.; Pighini, Gerald P. (February 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hparchive.com/Journals/HPJ-1969-02.pdf">"Solid-State Displays"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="Hewlett-Packard_Journal" title="Hewlett-Packard Journal">Hewlett-Packard Journal</a></i>: <span class="nowrap">2–</span>12.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117052948/http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/articleview.php?item=1052">"Hewlett-Packard 5082-7000"</a>. <i>The Vintage Technology Association</i>. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekta-led.com/news/itm/527/">EKTA’s Ukrainian produced 3D Led TV makes The Guinness Book of World Records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018191329/http://www.ekta-led.com/news/itm/527/">Archived</a> 2011-10-18 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.ekta-led.com</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-10000/largest-led-3d-tv/">Largest LED 3D TV</a>. guinnessworldrecords.com</span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428085704/https://student.societyforscience.org/science-talent-search-through-years">"Science Service 1719 N Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036"</a>. 1978. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://student.societyforscience.org/science-talent-search-through-years">the original</a> on 2016-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-03</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The honors group STS projects were released for publication January 25, 1978 to "all leading universities and colleges of the United States utilizing a list furnished for the American Council on Education".</span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This event was held April 21–22 in Cedar Falls, Iowa at the UNI campus</span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell's abstract title "Light Emitting Diode Television Screen" was published in the Honors Group of the 37th Annual Science Talent Search for the Westinghouse Science Scholarship and Awards in 1978, this qualified Mitchell for the UNI paper presentation that followed</span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisef.org/">"EISEF - Web - Home Page"</a>. <i>www.eisef.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924144525/http://www.eisef.org/pmwiki/index.php/Web/SeniorChampionsByYear">"EISEF - Web - Senior Champions by Year"</a>. <i>www.eisef.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisef.org/pmwiki/index.php/Web/SeniorChampionsByYear">the original</a> on 2019-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Project was viewed by ISEF judges, Los Angeles area college professors, the 1977 president of the national chapter of the IEEE, and also included a public viewing.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The prototype and scientific paper "Light Emitting Diode Television Screen" was part of exhibit #635.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">29th ISEF "Announcement of Awards", p. 4, May 13, 1978, published by the Science Service, 1719 N Street Washington D.C. 20036.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3rd Grand GM ISEF award, GM was also the corporate sponsor of the 1978 Science Service event. 1978 29th Annual ISEF "Announcement of Awards", p. 5, (note: <a href="Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel Corporation</a> is the current sponsor of this event).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell's modular LED x-y (horizontally and vertically digitally scanned array system) was cited in the 29th International Science and Engineering Exposition "book of abstracts", p. 97, published by the "Science Service", Washington D.C. May 1978.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell continued to display the fully operational prototype including May 6 at the University of Northern Iowa Industrial Arts event capturing another first award. Additional recognition included letters from Iowa senators John Culver and Dick Clark, the Air Force, the Army, college and university letters acknowledging the Westinghouse STS paper entry.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFsays2019" class="citation web cs1">says, Sylvain Muckenhirn (2019-05-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semiengineering.com/microleds-the-next-revolution-in-displays/">"MicroLEDs: The Next Revolution In Displays?"</a>. <i>Semiconductor Engineering</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-27</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:LED_displays" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:LED displays">LED displays</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Display_technology191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Display_device" title="Display device">Display technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Display_device#video_display" title="Display device">Video displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Past<br>generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eidophor" title="Eidophor">Eidophor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT)</li>

<li><a href="Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_display" title="Electroluminescent display">Electroluminescent display</a> (ELD)</li>

<li><a href="Rear-projection_television" title="Rear-projection television">Rear-projection display</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma display panel</a> (PDP)

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current <br>generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">Quantum dot display</a> (QLED)</li>

<li><a href="Electronic_paper" title="Electronic paper">Electronic paper</a>

<li><a href="Gyricon" title="Gyricon">Gyricon</a></li></ul></li>

<li> (LED)

<ul><li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">Organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED)

<ul><li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode</a> (AMOLED)</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD)

<li><a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit</a></li>

<li><a href="Blue_phase_mode_LCD" title="Blue phase mode LCD">Blue Phase</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_light_processing" title="Digital light processing">Digital light processing</a> (DLP)</li>

<li><a href="Liquid_crystal_on_silicon" title="Liquid crystal on silicon">Liquid crystal on silicon</a> (LCoS)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Next_generation_of_display_technology" title="Next generation of display technology">Next <br>generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MicroLED" title="MicroLED">microLED</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_dot_display#Self-emissive_quantum_dot_diodes" title="Quantum dot display">Electroluminescent Quantum Dots</a> (ELQD/QD-LED)</li>

<li><a href="Organic_light-emitting_transistor" title="Organic light-emitting transistor">Organic light-emitting transistor</a> (OLET)</li>

<li><a href="Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display" title="Surface-conduction electron-emitter display">Surface-conduction electron-emitter display</a> (SED)</li>

<li><a href="Field-emission_display" title="Field-emission display">Field-emission display</a> (FED)</li>

<li><a href="Laser_TV" title="Laser TV">Laser TV</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_laser" title="Quantum dot laser">Quantum dot</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_laser" title="Liquid-crystal laser">Liquid crystal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Microelectromechanical_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Microelectromechanical systems">MEMS</a> display

<li><a href="Ferroelectric_liquid_crystal_display" title="Ferroelectric liquid crystal display">Ferroelectric liquid crystal display</a> (FLCD)</li>

<li><a href="Thick-film_dielectric_electroluminescent_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology">Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology</a> (TDEL)</li>

<li><a href="Laser-powered_phosphor_display" title="Laser-powered phosphor display">Laser-powered phosphor display</a> (LPD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanical</a>

<li><a href="Split-flap_display" title="Split-flap display">Split-flap</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Text_display#Eggcrate_displays" title="Text display">Eggcrate</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiber-optic_display" title="Fiber-optic display">Fiber-optic</a></li>

<li><a href="Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a> (VFD)</li>

<li><a href="Light-emitting_electrochemical_cell" title="Light-emitting electrochemical cell">Light-emitting electrochemical cell</a> (LEC)</li>

<li><a href="Lightguide_display" title="Lightguide display">Lightguide display</a></li>

<li><a href="Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">Dot-matrix display</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">Seven-segment display</a> (SSD)</li>

<li><a href="Eight-segment_display" title="Eight-segment display">Eight-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Nine-segment_display" title="Nine-segment display">Nine-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteen-segment_display" title="Fourteen-segment display">Fourteen-segment display</a> (FSD)</li>

<li><a href="Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">Sixteen-segment display</a> (SISD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="3D_display" title="3D display">3D display</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Autostereoscopy" title="Autostereoscopy">Autostereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiscopy" title="Multiscopy">Multiscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Holography" title="Holography">Hologram</a>

<ul><li><a href="Holographic_display" title="Holographic display">Holographic display</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer-generated_holography" title="Computer-generated holography">Computer-generated holography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Volumetric_display" title="Volumetric display">Volumetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Fog_display" title="Fog display">Fog display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Transparency_(projection)" title="Transparency (projection)">Transparency</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_lighting_display" title="Laser lighting display">Laser beam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display capabilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="DisplayID" title="DisplayID">DisplayID</a></li>

<li><a href="Always-on_display" title="Always-on display">Always-on display</a></li>

<li><a href="See-through_display" title="See-through display">See-through display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="History_of_display_technology" title="History of display technology">History of display technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Large-screen_television_technology" title="Large-screen television technology">Large-screen television technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance" title="Optimum HDTV viewing distance">Optimum HDTV viewing distance</a></li>

<li><a href="High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">High Dynamic Range</a> (HDR)</li>

<li><a href="Color_Light_Output" title="Color Light Output">Color Light Output</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_display" title="Flexible display">Flexible display</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_CRT%2C_LCD%2C_plasma%2C_and_OLED_displays" title="Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays">Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_display_technology" title="Comparison of display technology">Comparison of display technology</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=LED_display&oldid=1301039577">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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